Papyrus Berolinensis 8502 was acquired by a German
scholar, Dr. Carl Reinhardt, in Cairo in 1896 (the
codex is variably referenced in scholarly writings as the
"Berlin Gnostic Codex", the "Akhmim Codex", PB 8502, and BG
8502). It contains Coptic editions of three very important
Gnostic texts: the Apocryphon of John, the Sophia of Jesus
Christ, and the Gospel of Mary. Despite the
importance of the find, several misfortunes (including two
world wars) delayed its publication until 1955. By then
the Nag Hammadi collection had also been recovered, and
two of the texts in the PB 8502 codex --
the Apocryphon of John, and
the Sophia of Jesus Christ
-- were also found included there. The PB 8502 versions of
these two texts were used to augment translations of the
Apocryphon of John and the Sophia of Jesus Christ as they
now appear in
the Nag Hammadi Library.
Importantly, the codex preserves the most complete surviving
copy of the Gospel of Mary (as the text is named in
the manuscript, though it is clear this named Mary is the
person we call Mary of Magdala). Two other small
fragments of the Gospel of Mary from separate Greek editions
were later also unearthed in archaelogical excavations at
Oxyrhynchus in Northern Egypt. (Fragments of the Gospel of
Thomas were also found at this ancient library site, see the
Gospel of Thomas page for more information about Oxyrhyncus.)
Unfortunately, the extant
manuscript of the Gospel of Mary is missing pages 1 to 6
and pages 11 to 14 -- pages that included sections of
the text up to chapter 4, and portions of chapter 5 to 8.
The complete extant text of the Gospel of Mary is presented
below.
Chapter 4
(Pages 1 to 6 of
the manuscript, containing chapters 1 - 3, are lost. The extant text
starts on page 7...)
. . . Will matter then be destroyed or not?
22) The Savior said, All nature, all formations, all creatures exist
in and with one another, and they will be resolved again into their
own roots.
23) For the nature of matter is resolved into the roots of its own
nature alone.
24) He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
25) Peter said to him, Since you have explained everything to us,
tell us this also: What is the sin of the world?
26) The Savior said There is no sin, but it is you who make sin when
you do the things that are like the nature of adultery, which is
called sin.
27) That is why the Good came into your midst, to the essence of
every nature in order to restore it to its root.
28) Then He continued and said, That is why you become sick and die,
for you are deprived of the one who can heal you.
29) He who has a mind to understand, let him understand.
30) Matter gave birth to a passion that has no equal, which
proceeded from something contrary to nature. Then there arises a
disturbance in its whole body.
31) That is why I said to you, Be of good courage, and if you are
discouraged be encouraged in the presence of the different forms of
nature.
32) He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
33) When the Blessed One had said this, He greeted them all,saying,
Peace be with you. Receive my peace unto yourselves.
34) Beware that no one lead you astray saying Lo here or lo there!
For the Son of Man is within you.
35) Follow after Him!
36) Those who seek Him will find Him.
37) Go then and preach the gospel of the Kingdom.
38) Do not lay down any rules beyond what I appointed you, and do
not give a law like the lawgiver lest you be constrained by it.
39) When He said this He departed.
Chapter 5 1) But they
were grieved. They wept greatly, saying, How shall we go to the
Gentiles and preach the gospel of the Kingdom of the Son of Man? If
they did not spare Him, how will they spare us?
2) Then Mary stood up, greeted them all, and said to her brethren,
Do not weep and do not grieve nor be irresolute, for His grace will
be entirely with you and will protect you.
3) But rather, let us praise His greatness, for He has prepared us
and made us into Men.
4) When Mary said this, she turned their hearts to the Good, and
they began to discuss the words of the Savior.
5) Peter said to Mary, Sister we know that the Savior loved you more
than the rest of woman.
6) Tell us the words of the Savior which you remember which you
know, but we do not, nor have we heard them.
7) Mary answered and said, What is hidden from you I will proclaim
to you.
8) And she began to speak to them these words: I, she said, I saw
the Lord in a vision and I said to Him, Lord I saw you today in a
vision. He answered and said to me,
9) Blessed are you that you did not waver at the sight of Me. For
where the mind is there is the treasure.
10) I said to Him, Lord, how does he who sees the vision see it,
through the soul or through the spirit?
11) The Savior answered and said, He does not see through the soul
nor through the spirit, but the mind that is between the two that is
what sees the vision and it is [...]
(pages 11 - 14
are missing from the manuscript)
Chapter 8: . . . it.
10) And desire said, I did not see you descending, but now I see you
ascending. Why do you lie since you belong to me?
11) The soul answered and said, I saw you. You did not see me nor
recognize me. I served you as a garment and you did not know me.
12) When it said this, it (the soul) went away rejoicing greatly.
13) Again it came to the third power, which is called ignorance.
14) The power questioned the soul, saying, Where are you going? In
wickedness are you bound. But you are bound; do not judge!
15) And the soul said, Why do you judge me, although I have not
judged?
16) I was bound, though I have not bound.
17) I was not recognized. But I have recognized that the All is
being dissolved, both the earthly things and the heavenly.
18) When the soul had overcome the third power, it went upwards and
saw the fourth power, which took seven forms.
19) The first form is darkness, the second desire, the third
ignorance, the fourth is the excitement of death, the fifth is the
kingdom of the flesh, the sixth is the foolish wisdom of flesh, the
seventh is the wrathful wisdom. These are the seven powers of wrath.
20) They asked the soul, Whence do you come slayer of men, or where
are you going, conqueror of space?
21) The soul answered and said, What binds me has been slain, and
what turns me about has been overcome,
22) and my desire has been ended, and ignorance has died.
23) In a aeon I was released from a world, and in a Type from a
type, and from the fetter of oblivion which is transient.
24) From this time on will I attain to the rest of the time, of the
season, of the aeon, in silence.
Chapter 9 1) When Mary
had said this, she fell silent, since it was to this point that the
Savior had spoken with her.
2) But Andrew answered and said to the brethren, Say what you wish
to say about what she has said. I at least do not believe that the
Savior said this. For certainly these teachings are strange ideas.
3) Peter answered and spoke concerning these same things.
4) He questioned them about the Savior: Did He really speak
privately with a woman and not openly to us? Are we to turn about
and all listen to her? Did He prefer her to us?
5) Then Mary wept and said to Peter, My brother Peter, what do you
think? Do you think that I have thought this up myself in my heart,
or that I am lying about the Savior?
6) Levi answered and said to Peter, Peter you have always been hot
tempered.
7) Now I see you contending against the woman like the adversaries.
8) But if the Savior made her worthy, who are you indeed to reject
her? Surely the Savior knows her very well.
9) That is why He loved her more than us. Rather let us be ashamed
and put on the perfect Man, and separate as He commanded us and
preach the gospel, not laying down any other rule or other law
beyond what the Savior said.
10) And when they heard this they began to go forth to proclaim and
to preach.