Exploring Geographic and Geometric Relationships Along a Line of Ancient Sites Around the World
By Jim Alison
 

PART I - GEOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS

The Great Pyramid is aligned with Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines and Easter Island along a straight line around the center of the Earth, within a margin of error of less than one tenth of one degree of latitude. Other sites of ancient construction that are also within one tenth of one degree of this line include: Perseopolis, the capital city of ancient Persia; Mohenjo Daro, the ancient capital city of the Indus Valley; and the lost city of Petra. The Ancient Sumarian city of Ur and the temples at Angkor Wat are within one degree of latitude of this line. The alignment of these sites is easily observable on a globe of the Earth with a horizon ring. If you line up any two of these sites on the horizon ring, all of the sites will be right on the horizon ring. 3-D world atlas software programs can also draw this line around the Earth. Start on the Equator, at the mouth of the Amazon River, at 49° 17' West Longitude; go to 30° 18' North Latitude, 40° 43' East Longitude, in the Middle East, which is the maximum latitude the line touches; then go to the Equator at 130° 43' East Longitude, near the Northwest tip of New Guinea; then to 30° 18' South Latitude, 139° 17' West Longitude, in the South Pacific; and then back to 49° 17' West Longitude, at the Equator.
 

The circumference of this line around the center of the Earth is 24,892 miles. Along this line, the great circle distance from,

• the Great Pyramid to Machupicchu is 7,487 miles, 30.0% of the circumference.

• Machupicchu is 2,564 miles from Easter Island, 10.3%.

• Easter Island is 10,096 miles from Angkor Wat, 40.6%.

• Angkor Wat is 2,490 miles from Mohenjo Daro, 10.0%.

• Mohenjo Daro is 2255 miles from from the Great Pyramid, 9.1%.

In addition to calculating the distances between these sites as a percentage of the circumference of the Earth, the distances may also be calculated in degrees of the 360° circumference, by multiplying the percentage by 3.6. For example, the Great Pyramid is 108° away from Machupicchu.

Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom were constructed at a time when 72 temples were built across the Angkor Plain. The Angkor temple at Prassat Preah Vihear, 90 miles Northeast of Angkor Wat, is within one tenth of one degree of the line. Like Machupicchu, the temple at Prassat Preah Vihear was built on the edge of a mountaintop. The first temples built around Angkor are near the city of Rolous, Southeast of Angkor Wat. The temples near Rolous are also thought to have been built on foundations constructed at a much earlier time.

Halfway between Angkor Wat and the Great Pyramid is the Indus Valley, the city of Mohenjo Daro, and the unexcavated city of Ganweriwala, which is East of Mohenjo Daro, and thought to be just as large. Both of these sites are on the line between Angkor and the Great Pyramid. The Indus Valley is also antipodal to Easter Island. It is an interesting coincidence concerning these two sites, opposite each other on Earth, that of the few ancient written languages of the world that remain undeciphered, two are Indus Valley Script and Rongorongo, the written language of ancient Easter Island. The world's first known written languages, Egyptian Hieroglyphics and Sumerian Cuneiform, were also developed along this line of ancient sites. The Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Brahman and Buddhist religions, as well as ancient Egyptian and Peruvian religions, were also developed along this line.

Anatom Island is the southernmost Island in the new Republic of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides. Anatom Island is exactly halfway between Easter Island and Angkor Wat 5,048 miles each way, or 20.3% of the circumference of the Earth. Stone ruins on Anatom Island once housed the largest missionary church in the southern hemisphere.

The line crosses over the source and the mouth of the Amazon, the mouth of the Nile, the mouth of the Tigris-Euphrates, the Indus River and the Bay of Bengal near the mouth of the Ganges.

The line also crosses over a number of areas of the world that are largely unexplored or unexcavated, including the Sahara Desert, the Brazilian Rainforest, the highlands of New Guinea, and underwater areas of the North Atlantic Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. For example, the midway point between the Great Pyramid and Machupicchu is in the North Atlantic Ocean, less than one degree south of the Cape Verde Islands. This is also the midway point between Easter Island and the Indus Valley. Although the Cape Verde Islands were found to be uninhabited when they were rediscovered in 1460 A.D., maps and geographical descriptions for the past 2000 years have shown this location to be the home of ancient island civilizations, including maps showing this location to be the site of Atlantis. In Plato's account of Atlantis, there was a mountainous region north of the city. Are the higher elevations of those mountains now the Cape Verde Islands?

PART 2 - GOLDEN SECTION SITES - ANGKOR, THE GREAT PYRAMID & NAZCA

Angkor Wat is 4,745 miles from the Great Pyramid and the Great Pyramid is 7,677 miles from Nazca. This is a precise expression of ?, the Golden Section: 4,745 x 1.618 = 7,677
 

Because the distance from the Hummingbird to Angkor Vihear is one-half of the circumference of the earth, two Golden Section relationships between these sites are shown by the circumference of the earth along the line of ancient sites:
 

These Golden Section relationships may also be diagramed on a straight line.
 

The line of ancient sites is a line, from the perspective of the illustration in Part One, and it is a circle, from the perspective of the illustration in Part Six. The line and the circle are found in the Greek letter phi and the number 10. Zero and one are also the first two numbers and the only two numbers in the binary code.

The phi relationships between these sites are reflected repeatedly in the first 500 Fibonacci numbers. The first three prime numbers, 2, 3 and 5, approximate the intervals along the circumference of 20%, 30% and 50%, between these three sites. This same percentage of the circumference relationship, accurate to three digits, is found in Fibonacci numbers 137-139:
 

The next prime Fibonacci number after #137 is #359.
The distances between these sites, in miles, is reflected
by Fibocacci numbers 359-361, accurately to five digits.

PART 3 - LINES THROUGH THE EARTH

Since the circumference of the Earth is also 3.1416 times the diameter of the Earth, the straight line distance from Easter Island to Machupicchu times pi² equals the circumference of the Earth.

The angle formed by the lines from Easter Island to Machupicchu, and to the Indus Valley, is 72°. The angle formed by the lines from Easter Island to Machupicchu, and to the Great Pyramid, is 54°.
 

The ratio of the base to the slant height of the Great Pyramid is exactly two times the ratio of the base to the height of the triangle formed by through the earth straight lines connecting the Great Pyramid, Angkor and Easter Island.

Because the distance between the Great Pyramid and Angkor is very nearly 20% of the circumference, they are very nearly 72° apart, along the circle. Because the distance from the Great Pyramid to Easter Island is very nearly 40% of the circumference, and the distance from Angkor to Easter Island is very nearly 40% of the circumference, the Great Pyramid and Angkor are both very nearly 144° away from Easter Island, along the circle.

The number 72, and to a lesser extent the numbers 54, 108, and 144, have been associated with the designs of these sites, particularly at the Great Pyramid and Angkor. The ratio of the height and the perimeter of the Great Pyramid, to the size of the Earth, is a multiple of 72. The number of temples built around Angkor is 72, and the number 54 is reflected in the numbers of statuary in the temples at Angkor. The use of these numbers is also prevalent in ancient writings and folklore surrounding these sites. The number 54 is itself a factor of 72, in that 72 plus ½ of 72, or 36, equals 108, which divided by two equals 54.

The number 72 is also associated with the astronomical phenomenon known as precession, because 72 years is the length of time it takes for the constellations to move one degree due to precession. This has been offered as an explanation for the use of these numbers, suggesting that the builders of these sites were aware of the precession of the equinoxes. In the 2nd century B.C., the Greek mathematician, Archimedes, wrote an article entitled The Sand Reckoner, in which he cited earlier Greek mathematicians (like Archimedes, they had studied in Alexandria and Heliopolis) who had calculated that the Sun occupied 1/720 of the circle of the constellations. This may be an additional, or alternative, explanation for the prevalence of the number 72, and its multiples and factors, found in these sites. In any event, the existence of these numbers in the geometric relationships between these sites is complementary to the use of these numbers in their internal designs.

PART 4 - THE GREAT PYRAMID AND THE 30th PARALLEL

The radius of the Earth is also 87% of the distance from the center of the Earth to the point of the exterior triangles’ intersections (AP, AQ, AR, etc.):

1.00 ÷ 1.15 = .87

The Greek foot is thought to have been developed before the size and shape of the Earth was known and independently from the foot, which is also thought to have been developed before the size and shape of the Earth was known. The foot is 87% of the length of the Greek foot.

The mile, which is thought to have been developed before the size and shape of the Earth was known, is 87% of the length of the nautical mile, which was developed specifically in relation to the size of the Earth. The nautical mile equals one minute of latitude, so 60 nautical miles equals one degree of latitude and 5,400 nautical miles equals the 90 degrees of latitude between the Equator and the poles. The distance from the Equator to the poles is 6,215 miles:

5,400 ÷ 6,215 = .87

One minute of latitude equals one nautical mile at any longitude. At the equator, one minute of longitude also equals one nautical mile, but at higher latitudes, the distances between each minute of longitude become shorter. Because the straight line distance through the Earth at the 30th parallel is 87% of the diameter of the Earth, the circumference around the Earth at the 30th parallel is 87% of the circumference of the Earth at the Equator, and each minute of longitude at the 30th parallel is 87% of the distance of each minute of longitude at the Equator. As a result, just as one nautical mile equals one minute of longitude at the Equator, one standard mile equals one minute of longitude at the 30th parallel.

The currently accepted value for the Equatorial diameter of the Earth is 7,926 miles, with an Equatorial radius of 3,963 miles. The ratio of the radius of the Earth to the straight line distance through the Earth at the 30th parallel is 1:1.732.

3,963 miles x 1.732 = 6,864 miles (the straight line distance through the Earth at the 30th parallel).

6,864 miles x pi = 21,564 miles (the circumference of the Earth at the 30th parallel).

21,564 miles ÷ 360 degrees = 59.9 miles (one degree of longitude at the 30th parallel).

59.9 miles ÷ 60 minutes = .998 miles (one minute of longitude at the 30th parallel).

As an alternative proof, the currently accepted value for the Equatorial circumference of the Earth is 24,902 miles, and the circumference of the 30th parallel is 87% of the circumference of the Earth.

24,902 miles x .87 = 21,664 miles (the circumference of the Earth at the 30th parallel).

21,664 miles ÷ 360 degrees = 60.1 miles (one degree of longitude at the 30th parallel).

60.1 miles ÷ 60 = 1.00 miles (one minute of longitude at the 30th parallel).

Conclusion: One minute of longitude equals one mile at (or, like the Great Pyramid, just below) the 30th parallel.

PART 5 - ALIGNMENTS OF THE NAZCA LINES & FIGURES

This below illustration of the Nazca lines has also been rotated so that the north-south axis is vertical, and shows the primary orientation of the lines is from Southwest to Northeast, along the line of ancient sites.

PART 6 - THE AXIS POINTS

Just as every point along the equator is 6,215 miles from both the North and South Poles, every point along the line of ancient sites is 6,215 miles from two axis points on Earth. The axis point in the Northern Hemisphere is near the Southeastern coast of Alaska, at 59° 42' N 139° 17' W, 25 miles Northeast of Yakutat, Alaska

The North and South Poles have not always been in their present locations. Several theories have been offered to explain observed and suspected movements of the poles in relation to the surface of the Earth. Plate tectonics, the prevailing theory, suggests gradual movements of the surface of the Earth. This theory has been called into question by recent measurements of relative movements of the earth's surface, and by accumulating seismological data. Alternative theories include: Axial shifts; polar wander; and a catastrophic form of polar wander known as Earth crust displacement.
 

Since many of the sites along the line are precisely oriented to the present North and South Poles, it is not suggested that they were constructed when the poles were in a prior location. However, if this line had previously been the equator, the placement of these sites on this line would be a remarkable coincidence.

In a book entitled Atlantis Blueprint, Rand Flem-Ath and Colin Wilson have listed some of these sites, and a number of other sites, in relation to their calculation of the North Pole in the Yukon, including sites that would have been on the equator during this prior polar alignment. A line around the center of the earth, with the Yukon Pole as it’s axis point, approaches and crosses over the line of ancient sites at antipodal points in Peru and Cambodia. Along the line of ancient sites, the sites in these two areas are close to being equally distant from the Yukon Pole and from the Yakutat axis point.

None of the theories offered to explain the motions of the surface of the Earth, relative to the poles, can pinpoint exact prior polar positions. The round number coordinates that are used by Hapgood and the Flem-Aths for the Yukon Pole indicate that they are approximations. If the line of ancient sites was originally selected because of its equatorial relationship with a prior polar alignment, the most accurate way to determine the location of the prior alignment is to simply calculate it from the location of the line of ancient sites.


PART 7 - THE GREAT PYRAMID, PERU & PYTHAGORAS

The Great Pyramid precisely expresses the 2pi relationship between the circumference and the radius of the Earth.

• The height of the Great Pyramid is 481.4 feet.

• The perimeter of the Great Pyramid (the length of all four sides at the base of the pyramid) is 3,023 feet.

• The height of the Great Pyramid times 2pi (6.28) is 3,023 feet.

Another special triangular relationship, found in the dimensions of the King's Chamber in the Great Pyramid, is the 3-4-5 right triangle that elegantly expresses Pythagoras' theory (3² + 4² = 5²). In the King's Chamber, the diagonal length of the east wall is 309", the length of the chamber is 412", and the long central diagonal is 515". The stone over the entrance to the King's Chamber is the only stone in the walls that is two courses high. This stone also expresses a 3-4-5 right triangle relationship by its measurements of 124"L x 93"H x 155" diagonal.