TITLE:Chronicles of St. Denis
DATE: 1364-1372
AUTHOR: unknown DESCRIPTION: This world map exemplifies the type of medieval map
so often criticized by historians and cartographic scholars of the past
for its lack of both geographical knowledge and of a scientific approach
to mapmaking. This type of map would be used to illustrate the retardation
of the science of mapmaking and of geographical knowledge during Europe's
Dark Ages. A product of the late 14th century, it does not demonstrate any
acquaintance with the travels of Marco Polo, the Arab trading activities
in the Far East, the Catalan mapmakers' portolano style with the
accurate coastlines and rhumb lines, etc. However, it this type map that
also exemplifies the attraction of the maps from this period. As the introduction
to these monographs points out, this type of map should not be evaluated
on the same basis as one would a true cartographic effort. The creator of
this map did not have as his intention to portray the entire oikoumene,
or known world; nor did he intend this map for navigational purposes or
even to locate well known places for his readers. Instead this map was intended
to illustrate a treatise and to convey a conceptual view of the world. These
maps are artistically and aesthetically attractive, and their lack of accuracy
only adds to their quaint naivete that in itself is appealing.
The map itself follows some established traditions such as its circular
shape, the circumfluent oceans, the twelve wind directions, the T-O pattern,
the orientation with East at the top (Paradise), Jerusalem in the center,
etc. Most major known population centers are shown as castellated towns,
including Roma, Athens, Constantinople, Nazareth, Damascus, Babilon,
Alexandria, and even one for Africa. Other place-names displayed include
Anglia, Hibernia, Britannia, Hispania, Grecia, Germania, and Hungaria
in Europa; Egypt, Ethiopia, Mons Arhalus, Libus in Africa;
Gog and Magog enclosed behind a mountain range to the east of Europa;
and Mesopotamia, Arabia, Galilea, Judia Superior in the Middle East
and Asia. Sardinia, Sicily and Cyprus are shown as islands in the Mediterranean
Sea.
LOCATIONS: Bibliotheque Sainte Genevieve, Paris
Library of Congress (Santarem's Atlas compose de mappemondes. . .)
REFERENCES:
*Brown, L.A., The Story of Maps, p. 127.
*Destombes, M., Mappemondes, A.D. 1200-1500, #50.19.