The "real" timetable of Ancient history

Updated and partly revised by the author

As mentioned in earlier chapters the Sumerians compiled a list that purported to show all the kings who ruled Sumer from Creation to the final Semitic conquest on about 2000 BCE. The Sumerian Kings List covers both "mythical" and historical times.

In chapter 11 we could read the history and the timeline of the Sumerian period through the eyes of Scholars. In this chapter I will give my interpretation of the history of Mesopotamia with a lot of references to stories found on tablets in that area complete with the time I reconstructed in accordance to the already mentioned tablets and one tablet in particular, The Sumerian King list.

Some early texts are the Sumerian King Lists, known in ancient times by the first line or the first few opening words: (Sumerian), nam.lugal, meaning ’kingship’ with, lugal, ’king’, the sign, nam, introduces an abstract noun in Sumerian (and later in Akkadian compound logograms).

Probably are the oldest lists composed in the 22^nd century BCE but that is far from proven, many centuries after the times they refer to, but the date is far from proven because there are many of them even composed in earlier and in latter centuries during the Babylonian ages. The lists are copied by generations of scribes and standardized in this process until in the Old Babylonian time a canonical version exists extended with kings up to that time period.

The Lists are first studied by Jacobsen and published in 1939. It is still a basic tool in studying the earliest history of Mesopotamia. Scholars believes that the lists sometimes contradicts other epic stories because certain kings should be contemporaneous, even when it don’t show to do so in the King Lists, in my opinion is the reason simple, Scholars don’t accept the long lifetime of these kings. We will see later in this chapter that the Epics don’t conflict when you are willing to accept the lifetime of the early kings.

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A description in the Archaeology Odyssey, the sceptics of Scholars in accordance to the Sumerian King lists

Taken from Archaeology Odyssey, May/June 2000.

In the early 1900s, the colorful, cranky German-American scholar Hermann Hilprecht examined a 4,000 year old cuneiform tablet that had been excavated at the site of ancient Nippur. What he held was the first fragment of the Sumerian King List an ancient Mesopotamian document claiming to identify every king in Sumerian history.

Since Hilprecht’s discovery, at least 18 other exemplars of the king list have been found, most of them dating from the second half of the Isin dynasty (c. 2017-1794 BCE.). No two of these documents, however, are identical. One of them, a so-called non-standard version, traces the origins of Sumerian kingship all the way back to the beginnings of human history and includes an account of a great flood (not unlike the biblical deluge). Other exemplars trace shorter periods of time or contain mere fragments of the king list. Still, there is enough common material in all 15 versions of the list to make it clear that they are derived from a single, "ideal" account of Sumerian history.

The 8-inch-high Weld-Blundell prism probably discovered during the 1921 excavation of Larsa, in southern Mesopotamia is the most complete extant copy of the list. It begins: "When kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu [the oldest of the Sumerian cities]." Then come the names and regnal years of each of the kings who ruled from that city.

Most versions of the king list follow a similar narrative pattern in recording kings of the Sumerian city-states, some of which existed simultaneously. They state the name of an important Sumerian capital, supply a list of its rulers and then describe each royal dynasty’s downfall: "[City A] was smitten with weapons; its kingship was carried to [city B]."

Taken from Archaeology Odyssey, July/August 2000.

Unfortunately, for all their name-dropping, none of the extant lists provides completely reliable information about ancient Sumer. The reigns of many of the rulers cited are clearly fictitious. One very dedicated king, for example, is said to have ruled for over 43,000 years! In addition, only a few rulers of each dynasty are discussed in any detail, and only some of the rulers mentioned in the list can be found in other ancient sources. (One notable exception is the legendary warrior-king Gilgamesh, who appears in several versions of the list, as well as in numerous Sumerian stories.) Nevertheless, the king list does introduce some interesting and colorful characters, such as a female barkeep who was "king" of Kish for 100 years.

Most scholars believe that the king list was really a work of political propaganda, designed to help the rulers of the Isin dynasty in their bid to take over southern Mesopotamia. By weaving all of the disparate, often competing dynasties of ancient Sumer into a single seamless narrative, the authors of the list were trying to suggest that the rulers of Isin were part of a long and illustrious royal heritage one that could trace its lineage all the way back to the time when "kingship descended from heaven." Not a bad qualification for leadership, by anyone’s reckoning.

The commentator forgot to tell that there are much more tablets with Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King lists, for instance Enmerkar, Aga, En-men-barage-si and many, many other kings. The description of these kings you can read later in this chapter towards the dynasty they belonged to, including a reference to the tablets with their story.

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The Sumerian King list

In accordance to the Sumerian story there were 7 previous ages (time about 270,000 years) before the Great Flood.

The early Sumerian king list names eight kings with a total of 241,200 years from the time when "the kingship was lowered from heaven" to the time when "the Flood" swept over the land and once more "the kingship was lowered from heaven" after the Flood. (Thorkild Jacobsen, The Sumerian King List, 1939, pp. 71, 77).

In the lists Kingship is seen as a divine institution: it descended from heaven. The opening line of the text is:

When kingship was lowered from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug.’ Because of this, kingship is seen as an institution that is shared by different cities. Each city takes its turn during a certain period.

The Sumerian sign for ’government’ or ’year(s) of government’ is the same sign for ’turn’, , bala, taken as loan word by the Akkadians as palű.

It is written with the sign BAL which in later New Assyrian orthography is . In Akkadian it is used as a logogram. The sign developed from a pictogram of the shuttle of a loom (the rotating part, to weave tissue, together with the determinative for ’wood’ it still means ’shuttle of a loom’) and was used for words meaning ’to rotate’, ’turn’ and thus also ’government’.

About eight (in other versions ten) antediluvian kings are mentioned together with their periods of government. The first kings reigned in pre-historic times and lived for unbelievably long periods of time before the Flood. Added together they "would have" ruled for 241,200 years.....

Scholars are aware that there is even a problem with the time the Kings lived and also which Kings eventually ruled together in different cities. We will see that they are wrong because only a few dynasties existed together but most of them followed after each other as the king list clearly describes.

As mentioned, scholars are unwilling to except the long lifetime of the first kings in this list and they say that the lifetime is purely fictitious but on the other hand most of them accept the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible as true. I can’t imagine that over a period of thousands of years in which several versions of the King list were written down all authors were propagandists. Do you belief that, I don’t.

Scholars composed their timeline because they read the King list with "Human eyes". Nevertheless most Scholars still believes in the long lifetime of the Earth-fathers in the Bible (Adam - Noah of about 900 years each). They accepts that as a fact but why not accept the timeline of the Sumerian King list as a fact ?.

Another argument is, that Assyriology is a young science and its impossible that scholars can make a final conclusion that the time spans, mentioned in the King list, are based on fiction.

During my study of the King list I encountered a problem regarding the time in which the kings ruled so I decided first to see if there are stories who could be linked to some kings and indeed I found some of them. Another problem was the timeline of the history written down in the lists. I concluded that the reconstruction was only possible when I made a calculation back in time.

The time in which Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, lived (2112 - 2094 BCE) is known and accepted by most Scholars. With this date in mind I could make a calculation back in time until the first kings of the King list. So I used the chronology of the Sumerian King back in time from King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the Ur III dynasty. Finally I accepted the times mentioned in the King list as the truth, including the years of reign of the early kings. With that in mind I make a calculation back in time until the date of the Great Flood and the date when the Kingship was lowered from Heaven for the first time.

We will see also that the timeline of Scholars is based on the theory that most Dynasties in the Sumerian period existed at the same time but in my opinion that is most uncertain because the King list is very clear in it’s explanation of, at least, the follow up of most Dynasties, nevertheless there is indeed prove that some of them existed at the same time.

I am aware that some Dynasties indeed existed together, we can read that in some stories on tablets found in Mesopotamia but that thus not conclude all Dynasties existed in a few hundred years, in the timetable of scholars. That’s, in my opinion, the problem why the timetable handed by Scholars is wrong.

For complete translation on the Sumerian King List document: HERE

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The real timeline of Mesopotamia

We can’t still imagine that man could live as long as written in the Sumerian King list but were they really man ? No, they were not. The period in which modern men was created by the Gods can’t fit in the period of the first eight Kings of the list. The conclusion therefore can be made that these Kings were at least Gods or Demi-Gods and they came from Heaven as clearly is written, further they ruled on Earth for a long time before the Flood.

The first dynasties of Kic and Unug after the Flood, when the Kingship was lowered for the second time from Heaven, were also Gods and Demi-Gods and they ruled on Earth until historical times. Most of them for thousands of years and the "direct" offspring of these Gods for hundreds of years. Prove of that we can find in several stories of the Kings from Kic and Unug.

The Sumerian tablets and the Bible as well are very clear about that but scholars don’t believe in these stories as mentioned before, so they shrunk the rule-time of these ancient Kings to a period of 150 years for ALL dynasties. If you belief what is written in the Bible and read the chapters before you can conclude that the Earth-fathers from the Bible and the Gods of Mesopotamia lived for a long time and that a long lifetime was common at that time.

With that in mind I made a timetable with the Kings mentioned in the Sumerian King list. As mentioned I made this calculation back in time from the time of King Ur-Nammu, the founder of the third dynasty of Ur, because most scholars are more or less sure that he ruled from 2,112 - 2,094 BCE.

The reader can soon make the conclusion himself that the time in which the Flood took place must be placed much earlier in history then scholars learn us today.

To make this conclusion together we will read the whole translation of the Sumerian King list, the original and oldest text, dated from about 2,000 BCE. The, so called, Isin version dated from about 1,800 BCE.

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Kings before the Flood

Rule of the Gods (Anunnaki)

Kings in Heaven

About 433,578 - 271,578 BCE.

Alorus became king; he ruled for 162,000 years.

It’s uncertain who the counterpart is of Alorus, some scholars presume that he is the same as Adam in the Bible. In my opinion he was a God, maybe another name for An or Anu.

The First Dynasty on Earth

The following ancient kings ruled successively from the five original pre-flood cities: Eridug, Bad-Tibira, Larag, Zimbir and Curuppag.

Eridug (Eridu)

About 271,578 - 206,778 BCE.

Eridug, the first city mentioned, is the city of the water god Enki/Ea (one of the triad of Gods in the Sumerian pantheon, see chapter 9). It was probably situated in the extreme south of Mesopotamia near the sea or a lagoon. Probably Eri-dugga, "good city", at the mounds of Abu-Sharain but the exact location has never been found. According to some Sumerian traditions, Eridug was the first city built by man. It was the home of Adapa, the so-called Babylonian Adam.

After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug.

In Eridug Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years.

Alaljar ruled for 36000 years.

2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years.

They were called Kings from Heaven and they reigned for 64,800 years.

Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira.

The two kings ruled a total of 64,800 years and then kingship was removed to Bad-tibira.

Bad-tibira

About 206778 - 98778 BCE

A city probably located on the Sumerian Plain roughly between Ur and Lagash. Dumuzid was it’s tutelary deity.

The exact location of the city has never been found.

In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-ana ruled for 43200 years.

En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years.

Dumuzid, the shepherd, ruled for 36000 years.

3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years.

Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag.

The three kings ruled a total of 108,000 years and then kingship was removed to Larak.

Larag (Larak)

About 98778 - 68978 BCE.

The location of Larag has not been positively identified, but is believed to have been on the Tigris, east of Kic (Kish). The city was dedicated to Pabilsag, the god of trees. Even as Eridug and Bad-tibira

the exact location of the city has never been found.

In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years.

1 king; ruled for 28800 years.

Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir.

In Larak, Ensipazianna ruled 28,800 years before kingship was removed to Sippar.

Zimbir (Sippar)

About 69978 - 48978 BCE.

Sippar’s tutelary deity was Utu (Semitic Shamash), the sun-god and the god of justice.

It is said that the secrets of divination were shown to a king of Sippar, also by divine revelation. Gods make their will, intentions and answers known to the people by supernatural means: numerous omens and signs that needed explanation. The exegesis of omens was seen as a discipline ('science’) to inquire the gods. It was an official institution, used by the king to collect information. No decision of any importance was taken without proper consulting. The sun god Utu is in particular connected with the discipline of divination. He is in a position to oversee everything, so also the future.

It was probably the most northern of the Sumerian cities But also as all cities before. The exact location has never been found.

In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000 years.

1 king; ruled for 21000 years.

Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Curuppag.

In Sippar, Enmeduranna ruled 21,000 years and then Sippar was abandoned and its kingship removed to Shuruppak.

Curuppag (Shuruppak, Uruppak)

About 48978 - 30378 BCE

Curuppag is probably a city on the banks of the Euphrates, near modern Fara. The exact location has never been found either. The last king of Curuppag was the hero in the Flood story Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah. He was a prince or noble of the town, possibly the son of Ubara-tutu. It is also possible that he did rule as king. Shuruppak was dedicated to Ansud, the goddess of grain. She was also known as Sud and as Enlil’s consort Ninlil.

In Curuppag, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600 years.

In Shuruppak, Ubartutu ruled 18,600 years and then The Flood came.

1 king; ruled for 18600 years.

In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200 years.

Eight kings in five cities ruled 241,200 years before The Flood swept over the land.

Then the flood swept over.

The attended reader have already mentioned that ALL cities from before the Flood are still not found and never will be found because they are destroyed due to catastrophic occurrences shortly before and during the Flood.

Antediluvian period

* 1 Sar = 3,600 years, 1 Ner = 600 years.

These Kings represented the five cities before the Great Flood.

• Eridug or Eridu
• Bad-tibira
• Larag or Larak
• Zimbir or Sippar
• Curuppag or Shuruppak

While in Eridu Kings from Heaven reigned for 64,800 years before the Flood.

Together they ruled for 432,000 years before the Flood (120 Sar)

Table of the first kingship on Earth

The Flood took place about 30,378 BCE.

Most scholars don’t think there is any similarity with the Bible because the Earth-fathers before the flood counted 10 rulers from Adam to Noah. What they overlooked is the fact that not All of them could have ruled because they succeeded their father after his dead. So one earth-father can be crossed out as ruler namely Lamech, the father of Noah because he died 5 years BEFORE Methuselah. With that in mind we have only to place 9 earth-fathers in the list of successors. Further it’s uncertain that Enoch ruled himself because he disappeared during the rule time of Seth. So finally we have only to count 8 rules before the flood. You see that also the Bible counts at last also 8 rules and not 10 as most scholars think.

When we look at the above table we can try if there is a similarity with the Earth-fathers in the Bible.

Sumerian king list in acc. to the Bible

As you can see there is no logical similarity between the king list and the Bible but that thus not prove that some or all of the pre-diluvium kings can be identified with the Earth-fathers. The timeline used in the Bible is often discussed as pure fiction too.

My conclusion is that the first 8 kings in the Sumerian king list can’t be identified with the Earth-fathers from Adam to Noah.

Map of the Sumerian Cities and possible locations of the Antediluvian cities

After the flood the Gods came back to Earth and build a "new" home for themselves called:

Nippur

It is possible that the place where Nippur was build was the location of the Antediluvian city of Zimbir. Nippur was the religious capital of Sumer and holy for the Sumerians, being the home of the supreme god Enlil on Earth. Some of the believers in an archaic democracy think that Nippur was a sort of "federal capital" with delegates from every city going there to elect a king in times of war. The house of An was called "Duranki", the "temple" of Enlil was called "E-kur". In later chapter about Nibiru I will explain more details about the so named "E-kur"

As long as the Gods were on Earth, Nippur was a forbidden zone for Humans.

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Kings after the Flood

The Lesser Gods (Igigi) period

After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic.

After The Flood, kingship was handed down from Heaven a second time, this time to the city of Kish which became the seat of kingship

The First Dynasty of Kic

About 30378 - 5868 BCE.

Kic or Kish is most likely the same as Nibru, the city mentioned in a lot of Sumerian tablets it is also possible that Nibru and Nippur are the same city but that is not proven yet.

Kish was the first city to gain control "after the deluge" gaining overlord ship over all of Sumer. Sumer was unified in name, with all the city-states recognizing Kish as their overlord, in words if not in deeds. In fact, each city was independent and usually merely paid Kish lip service and the occasional tribute. Later kings used the title "King of Kish" to legitimize their rule. King of Kish came to mean imperial control or overlord ship. The King of Kish seems to have been given the control of Nippur by default. This looks not so strange as we will see later.

The tutelary deity of Kish was Zababa, the warrior god, another name for Ninurta (Ningirsu) (Ninurta was the God Yahweh in the Bible and the God who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah in later times).

All the kings of the period from the flood to historical age ruled in Kish. About half of them have Semitic names, meaning that Semites were established in Sumer, or at least the northern part, even at this ancient date and that not all interaction between the two groups was hostile. There is reason to believe that the kings were historical.

In Kic, Jucur Gaur became king; he ruled for 1200 years.

Kullassina-bel Gulla-Nidaba-annapad ruled for 960 years.

Nanjiclicma Palakinatim ruled for 6700 900 years.

En-tarah-ana ruled for Nangishkushma 420 670 years ..., 3 months, and 3 1/2 days.

Babum Bahina ruled for 300 years.

Puannum Buanum ruled for 840 years.

Kalibum Kalibum  ruled for 960 years.

Kalumum Galumum ruled for 840 years.

Zuqaqip Zukakip ruled for 900 years.

Atab ruled for 600 years.

Macda Mashda, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 years.

Arwium Arurim, the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years.

Etana, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries, became king; he ruled for 1500 1560 years.

Balih, the son of Etana, ruled for 400 years.

En-me-nuna Enmenunna ruled for 660 years.

Melem-Kic Melam-Kish, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 900 years.

1560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna

Barsal-nuna Barsalnunna, the son of En-me-nuna, ruled for 1200 years.

Zamug Meszamug, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled for 140 years.

Tizqar Tizkar, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years.

Ilcu Ilku, ruled for 900 years.

ltasadum ruled for 1200 years.

The last two God kings of Kic ruled in the same time as the First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk), the half Gods. They were :

En-men-barage-si Enmebaraggesi, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900 years.

Aga Agga, the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years.

En-men-barage-si was captured by Dumuzid the fisherman, the king of Kuara *

* We can make a calculation of the dates of all kings above because we know when Gilgamesh ( 6105-5979 BCE) lived (see the story later).

When we read The history of Tummal we have proof that En-men-barage-si, the king, built the Iri-nanam in Enlil’s temple.

Aga, son of En-me-barage-si, made the Tummal flourish and brought Ninlil (the spouse of Enlil) into the Tummal. Then the Tummal fell into ruins for the first time (War between the Gods and Half-Gods).

When we read the story of Gilgamesh and Aga we have proof that Aga and Gilgamesh lived at the same time because Aga came from Kic to Gilgamesh at Unug to ask him to finish digging wells together. Gilgamesh first refuse and made war with Aga. Gilgamesh is victorious but set Aga free to go back to Kic.

23 kings they ruled for 24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days.

Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana.

All told, twenty-three kings ruled a total of 24,510 years, 3 months and 3½ days before Kish was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Eanna.

The attended reader have already noticed that both king list differs in the rule time of some kings but both lists have the same total time span of the Dynasty.

All above Kings were Gods and Children of Gods

Because of the fights between the Gods and the Half-Gods on Earth at that period the Gods decided to retrieve in the background and called the Gods on Earth back to E-ana, the home base of the Gods. (E-ana was by the Sumerians called "the house of the Gods", lowered down from heaven, a "cloudbank" resting on the earth).

This so named "cloudbank" was in my theory a space shuttle, a spaceship with as home base the mother ship or planet "Nibiru"

The Gods had afterwards a long time a control function on the Earthly half-Gods and their children. This is the period in which religion by Humans was born.

Table of the first kingship of Kic

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The period of the Half-Gods

in the Bible mentioned the Children of God

The First Dynasty of Unug (Uruk)

About 6850 - 4561 BCE

In my opinion was Unug build by mission of the Gods to separate the Godly city of Kic from their offspring with Humans and the Sons of Gods.

The Gods of Kic and their offspring dwelled there until they finally were defeated by Sargon I in 2,461 BCE.

Scholars believe that Unug originally was named E-ana. This misunderstanding was in my opinion clear because the temple in Unug, dedicated to An, had the same name.

The first king of Unug (Mec-ki-aj-gacer) was the builder of the city. Enmerkar, his son, build a wall around the city of Unug in the time there were several Wars between the Gods and the Sons of Gods. Maybe that’s the reason why Uruk had two patron deities, the heaven god An and the fertility goddess Inanna (Ishtar).

• The oldest known writing was found in the temples at Uruk.

• The kings of Unug eventually overthrow Kic and took or used the title of King of Kish.

• As I mentioned already, the first five Kings ruled together with at least the last two kings of the First Godly Kingship of Kic.

• In E-ana, the son of Utu, Mec-ki-aj-gacer Meskiaggasher became lord and king; he ruled for 324 years.

• Mec-ki-aj-gacer entered the sea and disappeared.

The attended reader could have seen already that the first dynasty of Unug starts from the house of the Gods "E-ana".

Is it possible that Mec-ki-aj-gacer was chosen by the Gods to build a city on Earth again (after the War of the Gods) to separate the Gods in Kic from the Half-Gods and the Children of God and Men ?.

Could it be possible that he is the same as the Biblical Enoch?. If this is the truth then Utu, the Sun God, must be the same as the father of Enoch, namely Yared and Enmerkar must be the same as Methuselah.

In that case the writers of The Bible mixed up the names of the Earth-fathers because Noah lived long before Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the Enoch of the Bible. It is far from proven but it is still a possibility.

Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the king of Unug, who built Unug, became king; he ruled for 420 years.

Aratta was a city, city-state, or country with which Sumerians had close trade and religious ties. Its location is not known (probably Armenia, Iran or India but in my opinion most likely Harappa in India.

Lugalbanda, the shepherd, ruled for 1200 years.

In my opinion was Lugalbanda not a King of the first dynasty of Unug because the Kinglist describes clearly that he was Lord of Kulaba.

Dumuzid, the fisherman, whose city was Kuara, ruled for 100 years,

He captured En-men-barage-si single-handed.

Even as Lugalbanda was Dumuzid not a King of the first dynasty of Unug but King of Kuara (probably a city nearby or in Iran or India, In my opinion the city was Mohenjo-daro, the twin city of Harappa, in the Indus valley.

Dumuzid captured En-men-barage-si, the 22^nd Godly King of the first Dynasty of Kic (Kish), so he was strong enough to capture a God, that’s prove that he was at least a half-God himself. Because of that we know the date when En-men-barage-si lived, namely on about 6200 BCE.

Another proof of the time in which they lived, Gilgamesh made war with Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, so they must have lived at the same time. Further is here another prove that at that time there was struggle (War) between the Gods and the Sons of God.

Gilgamesh became king of Unug about 6105 BCE.

Gilgamec, whose father was a phantom, the lord of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years.

In the poems of Gilgamesh is spoken that he was 2/3 God and 1/3 Human, he was the son of the Goddess Ninsun and Lugalbanda (a son of the Gods himself).

In accordance to the timeline of Scholars Gilgamesh lived about 2700 BCE, a hole of about 3,400 years with the timeline of the Sumerian King list. For some Scholars the time stood still for about 3,400 years because they place the rule of these four Kings on about 2650 BCE. A strange phenomenon is also that, in the timetable of most Scholars, Gilgamec (about 2650 BCE) should be nearly a time mate of Sargon I (2450 BCE, the founder of the dynasty of Agade (Akkad)), can you belief that, I don’t and there is enough proof that it wasn’t.

Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec, ruled for 30 years.

Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal ruled for 15 years.

La-ba-cum Labasher ruled for 9 years.

En-nun-tarah-ana Ennundaranna ruled for 8 years.

Mec-he Meshede, the smith, ruled for 36 years.

Melem-ana ruled for 6 years.

Lugal-kitun (?) Lugalkidul ruled for 36 years.

12 kings; they ruled for 2310 years.

Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

All told, twelve kings ruled a total of 2,310 years in Uruk before Uruk was defeated in battle and its kingship carried off to Ur.

Table of the first dynasty of Unug

* see the notes by the explanation of the kings above. Even when Lugalbanda and Dumuzid belonged to the dynasty of that will not have any impact on the timeline and the arguments as mentioned above because the dynasty of Kic (the Godly dynasty) existed together with most other dynasties in Sumer.

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