Conscious of the crisis
in human history produced by the revolutionary development of modern
weapons within a world divided by serious ideological differences;
Determined to save present and succeeding generations from the
scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of the arms race and to
create conditions in which all peoples can strive freely and
peacefully to fulfill their basic aspirations;
Declare their goal to be: A free, secure, and peaceful world of
independent states adhering to common standards of justice and
international conduct and subjecting the use of force to the rule of
law; a world where adjustment to change takes place in accordance
with the principles of the United Nations; a world where there shall
be a permanent state of general and complete disarmament under
effective international control and where the resources of nations
shall be devoted to man's material, cultural, and spiritual advance;
Set forth as the
objectives of a program of general and complete disarmament in a
peaceful world:
(a) The disbanding
of all national armed forces and the prohibition of their
reestablishment in any form whatsoever other than those required
to preserve internal order and for contributions to a United
Nations Peace Force;
(b) The elimination from national arsenals of all armaments,
including all weapons of mass destruction and the means for
their delivery, other than those required for a United Nations
Peace Force and for maintaining internal order;
(c) The establishment and effective operation of an
International Disarmament Organization within the framework of
the United Nations to ensure compliance at all times with all
disarmament obligations;
(d) The institution of effective means for the enforcement of
international agreements, for the settlement of disputes, and
for the maintenance of peace in accordance with the principles
of the United Nations.
Call on the negotiating
states:
(a) To develop the
outline program set forth below into an agreed plan for general
and complete disarmament and to continue their efforts without
interruption until the whole program has been achieved;
(b) To this end to seek to attain the widest possible area of
agreement at the earliest possible date;
(c) Also to seek -- without prejudice to progress on the
disarmament program -- agreement on those immediate measures
that would contribute to the common security of nations and that
could facilitate and form a part of that program.
Affirm that disarmament
negotiations should be guided by the following principles:
(a) Disarmament
shall take place as rapidly as possible until it is completed in
stages containing balanced, phased and safeguarded measures,
with each measure and stage to be carried out in an agreed
period of time.
(b) Compliance with all disarmament obligations shall be
effectively verified from their entry into force. Verification
arrangements shall be instituted progressively and in such a
manner as to verify not only that agreed limitations or
reductions take place but also that retained armed forces and
armaments do not exceed agreed levels at any stage.
(c) Disarmament shall take place in a manner that will not
affect adversely the security of any state, whether or not a
party to an international agreement or treaty.
(d) As states relinquish their arms, the United Nations shall he
progressively strengthened in order to improve its capacity to
assure international security and the peaceful settlement of
differences as well as to facilitate the development of
international cooperation in common tasks for the benefit of
mankind.
(e) Transition from one stage of disarmament to the next shall
take place as soon as all the measures in the preceding stage
have been carried out and effective verification is continuing
and as soon as the arrangements that have been agreed to be
necessary for the next stage have been instituted.
Agree upon the following
outline program for achieving general and complete disarmament:
STAGE I
A. To Establish an
International Disarmament Organization:
(a) An International
Disarmament Organization (IDO) shall he established within the
framework of the United Nations upon entry into force of the
agreement. Its functions shall be expanded progressively as
required for the effective verification of the disarmament
program.
(b) The IDO shall
have:
(1) a General
Conference of all the parties;
(2) a Commission
consisting of representatives of all the major powers as
permanent members and certain other states on a rotating
basis; and
(3) an
Administrator who will administer the Organization subject
to the direction of the Commission and who will have the
authority, staff, and finances adequate to assure effective
impartial implementation of the functions of the
Organization.
(c) The IDO shall:
(1) ensure
compliance with the obligations undertaken by verifying the
execution of measures agreed upon;
(2) assist the
states in developing the details of agreed further
verification and disarmament measures;
(3) provide for
the establishment of such bodies as may be necessary for
working out the details of further measures provided for in
the program and for such other expert study groups as may be
required to give continuous study to the problems of
disarmament;
(4) receive
reports on the progress of disarmament and verification
arrangements and determine the transition from one stage to
the next.
B. To Reduce Armed
Forces and Armaments:
(a) Force levels
shall be limited to 2.1 million each for the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
and to appropriate levels not exceeding 2.1 million each for all
other militarily significant states. Reductions to the agreed
levels will proceed by equitable, proportionate, and verified
steps.
(b) Levels of
armaments of prescribed types shall be reduced by equitable and
balanced steps. The reductions shall be accomplished by
transfers of armaments to depots supervised by the IDO. When, at
specified periods during the Stage I reduction process, the
states party to the agreement have agreed that the armaments and
armed forces are at prescribed levels, the armaments in depots
shall be destroyed or converted to peaceful uses.
(c) The production
of agreed types of armaments shall be limited.
(d) a Chemical,
Biological, Radiological (CBR) Experts Commission shall be
established within the IDO for the purpose of examining and
reporting on the feasibility and means for accomplishing the
verifiable reduction and eventual elimination of CBR weapons
stockpiles and the halting of their production.
C. To Contain and
Reduce the Nuclear Threat:
(a) States that have
not acceded to a treaty effectively prohibiting the testing of
nuclear weapons shall do so.
(b) The production
of fissionable materials for use in weapons shall be stopped.
(c) Upon the
cessation of production of fissionable materials for use in
weapons, agreed initial quantities of fissionable materials from
past production shall be transferred to non-weapons purposes.
(d) Any fissionable materials transferred between countries for
peaceful uses of nuclear energy shall be subject to appropriate
safeguards to be developed in agreement with the IAEA.
(e) States owning
nuclear weapons shall not relinquish control of such weapons to
any nation not owning them and shall not transmit to any such
nation information or material necessary for their manufacture.
States not owning nuclear weapons shall not manufacture such
weapons, attempt to obtain control of such weapons belonging to
other states, or seek or receive information or materials
necessary for their manufacture.
(f) A Nuclear
Experts Commission consisting of representatives of the nuclear
states shall be established within the IDO for the purpose of
examining and reporting on the feasibility and means for
accomplishing the verified reduction and eventual elimination of
nuclear weapons stockpiles.
D. To Reduce
Strategic Nuclear Weapons Delivery Vehicles:
(a) Strategic
nuclear weapons delivery vehicles in specified categories and
agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles shall
be reduced to agreed levels by equitable and balanced steps. The
reduction shall be accomplished in each step by transfers to
depots supervised by the IDO of vehicles that are in excess of
levels agreed upon for each step. At specified periods during
the Stage I reduction process, the vehicles that have been
placed under supervision of the IDO shall be destroyed or
converted to peaceful uses.
(b) Production of
agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons delivery vehicles
and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles
shall be discontinued or limited.
(c) Testing of
agreed categories of strategic nuclear weapons delivery vehicles
and agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles
shall be limited or halted.
E. To Promote the
Peaceful Use Of Outer Space:
(a) The placing into
orbit or stationing in outer space of weapons capable of
producing mass destruction shall be prohibited.
(b) States shall give advance notification to participating
states and to the IDO of launchings of space vehicles and
missiles, together with the track of the vehicle.
F. To Reduce the
Risks of War by Accident, Miscalculation, and Surprise Attack:
(a) States shall
give advance notification to the participating states and to the
IDO of major military movements and maneuvers, on a scale as may
be agreed, which might give rise to misinterpretation or cause
alarm and induce countermeasures. The notification shall include
the geographic areas to be used and the nature, scale and time
span of the event.
(b) There shall be
established observation posts at such locations as major ports,
railway centers, motor highways, and air bases to report on
concentrations and movements of military forces.
(c) There shall also
be established such additional inspection arrangements to reduce
the danger of surprise attack as may be agreed.
(d) An international
commission shall be established immediately within the IDO to
examine and make recommendations on the possibility of further
measures to reduce the risks of nuclear war by accident,
miscalculation, or failure of communication.
G. To Keep the Peace:
(a) States shall
reaffirm their obligations under the U.N. Charter to refrain
from the threat or use of any type of armed force-including
nuclear, conventional, or CBR--contrary to the principles of the
U.N. Charter.
(b) States shall agree to refrain from indirect aggression and
subversion against any country.
(c) States shall use all appropriate processes for the peaceful
settlement of disputes and shall seek within the United Nations
further arrangements for the peaceful settlement of
international disputes and for the codification and progressive
development of international law.
(d) States shall
develop arrangements in Stage I for the establishment in Stage
II of a U.N. Peace Force.
(e) A U.N. peace observation group shall be staffed with a
standing cadre of observers who could be dispatched to
investigate any situation which might constitute a threat to or
breach of the peace.
STAGE II
A. International
Disarmament Organization:
The powers and
responsibilities of the IDO shall be progressively enlarged in
order to give it the capabilities to verify the measures
undertaken in Stage II.
B. To Further Reduce
Armed Forces and Armaments:
(a) Levels of forces
for the U.S., U.S.S.R., and other militarily significant states
shall be further reduced by substantial amounts to agreed levels
in equitable and balanced steps.
(b) Levels of
armaments of prescribed types shall be further reduced by
equitable and balanced steps. The reduction shall be
accomplished by transfers of armaments to depots supervised by
the IDO. When, at specified periods during the Stage II
reduction process, the parties have agreed that the armaments
and armed forces are at prescribed levels, the armaments in
depots shall be destroyed or converted to peaceful uses.
(c) There shall he
further agreed restrictions on the production of armaments.
(d) Agreed military
bases and facilities wherever they are located shall be
dismantled or converted to peaceful uses.
(e) Depending upon
the findings of the Experts Commission on CBR weapons, the
production of CBR weapons shall be halted, existing stocks
progressively reduced, and the resulting excess quantities
destroyed or converted to peaceful uses.
C. To Further Reduce
the Nuclear Threat:
Stocks of nuclear
weapons shall be progressively reduced to the minimum levels
which can be agreed upon as a result of the findings of the
Nuclear Experts Commission; the resulting excess of fissionable
material shall be transferred to peaceful purposes.
D. To Further Reduce
Strategic Nuclear Weapons Delivery Vehicles:
Further reductions
in the stocks of strategic nuclear weapons delivery vehicles and
agreed types of weapons designed to counter such vehicles shall
be carried out in accordance with the procedure outlined in
Stage I.
E. To Keep the Peace:
During Stage II,
states shall develop further the peace-keeping processes of the
United Nations1 to the end that the United Nations can
effectively in Stage III deter or suppress any threat or use of
force in violation of the purposes and principles of the United
Nations:
(a) States shall
agree upon strengthening the structure, authority, and
operation of the United Nations so as to assure that the
United Nations will be able effectively to protect states
against threats to or breaches of the peace.
(b) The U.N.
Peace Force shall be established and progressively
strengthened.
(c) States shall
also agree upon further improvements and developments in
rules of international conduct and in processes for peaceful
settlement of disputes and differences.
STAGE III
By the time Stage II has
been completed, the confidence produced through a verified
disarmament program, the acceptance of rules of peaceful
international behavior, and the development of strengthened
international peace-keeping processes within the framework of the
U.N. should have reached a point where the states of the world can
move forward to Stage III.
In Stage III progressive
controlled disarmament and continuously developing principles and
procedures of international law would proceed to a point where no
state would have the military power to challenge the progressively
strengthened U.N. Peace Force and all international disputes would
be settled according to the agreed principles of international
conduct.
The progressive steps to
be taken during the final phase of the disarmament program would be
directed toward the attainment of a world in which:
(a) States would
retain only those forces, non-nuclear armaments, and
establishments required for the purpose of maintaining internal
order; they would also support and provide agreed manpower for a
U.N Peace Force.
(b) The U.N. Peace Force, equipped with agreed types and
quantities of armaments, would be fully functioning.
(c) The manufacture of armaments would be prohibited except for
those of agreed types and quantities to be used by the U.N.
Peace Force and those required to maintain internal order. All
other armaments would be destroyed or converted to peaceful
purposes.
(d) The peace-keeping capabilities of the United Nations would
be sufficiently strong and the obligations of all states under
such arrangements sufficiently far-reaching as to assure peace
and the just settlement of differences in a disarmed world.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING
OFFICE: 1961 O---609147