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Thule Society emblem
The Thule Society (German: Thule-Gesellschaft),
originally the Studiengruppe für germanisches Altertum 'Study Group
for Germanic Antiquity', was a German occultist and Völkisch group
in Munich, notable chiefly as the organization that sponsored the
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, which was later transformed by Adolf Hitler
into the Nazi Party. Hitler, however, was never a member of the
Thule Society.
Origins
The Thule Society was founded August 17, 1918 by Rudolf von Sebottendorff, a German occultist, as the Munich branch of the
Germanenorden, a secret society a.k.a. the "Order of Teutons"
(1912).
Von Sebottendorff later claimed that he originally intended the
Thule Society to be a vehicle for promoting his own occultist
theories, but that the Germanenorden pressed him to emphasize
political, nationalist and anti-Semitic themes. Since this claim was
made while the Nazis were in power and von Sebottendorff had little
to gain by denying anti-Semitism, it may well be true.
Beliefs
A primary focus of Thule-Gesellschaft was a claim concerning the
origins of the Aryan race. "Thule" was a land located by Greco-Roman
geographers in the furthest north. The society was named after "Ultima
Thule" — (Latin: most distant North) mentioned by the Roman poet
Virgil in his epic poem Aeneid, which was the far northern segment
of Thule and is generally understood to mean Scandinavia. Said by
Nazi mystics to be the capital of ancient Hyperborea, they placed
Ultima Thule in the extreme north near Greenland or Iceland.
The Thulists believed in
the hollow earth theory. The Thule Society
counted among its goals the desire to prove that the Aryan race came
from a lost continent, perhaps Atlantis.
The Thule-Gesellschaft maintained close contacts with followers of
Theosophy and the followers of Helena Blavatsky, a famous Occultist
during the second part of the 19th century.
Anthroposophical themes were common too, as the motto Der Weg ist in
Dir - 'The Way is present in You', expresses. Self-realization and the
supreme position of the human person were essential to the Thulists.
Activities
The Thule Society attracted about 250 followers in Munich and about
1,500 in greater Bavaria. Its meetings were often held in the still
existent Munich luxury hotel Vier Jahreszeiten ("The Four Seasons").
The followers of the Thule Society were, by von Sebottendorff's own
admission, little interested in his occultist theories. They were
more interested in racism and combating Jews and Communists. They
are also said to have planned to kidnap the Socialist prime minister
Kurt Eisner. After the establishment of the Munich Soviet Republic,
they were accused of trying to infiltrate its government and of
having attempted a coup on April 30, 1919. During this attempt, the
Soviet government took several members of the Thule Society hostage,
and later executed them.
Münchener Beobachter newspaper
The Thule Society bought a local weekly newspaper, the Münchener
Beobachter (Munich Observer), and changed its name to Münchener
Beobachter und Sportblatt (loosely, Munich Observer and Sport
Report) in an attempt to improve its circulation. The Münchener
Beobachter later became the Völkischer Beobachter (People's
Observer), the main Nazi newspaper. It was edited by Karl Harrer.
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
In 1919, the Thule Society's Anton Drexler, who had developed links
between the Society and various extreme right workers' organizations
in Munich, together with Karl Harrer established the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP), or German Workers Party.
Adolf Hitler joined
this party in 1919. By April 1, 1920, the DAP had been reconstituted
as the National Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), or
National Socialist German Workers Party (generally known as the
"Nazi Party").
Von Sebottendorff had by then left the Thule Society, and never
joined the DAP or the Nazi party. Many other members of the Thule
Society and/or DAP were later prominent in Nazi Germany, including
-
Dietrich Eckart
-
Gottfried Feder
-
Hans Frank
-
Karl Harrer
-
Rudolf
Hess
-
Alfred Rosenberg
-
Julius Streicher
Dietrich Eckart, who
coached Hitler on his public speaking skills, had Mein Kampf
dedicated to him. While it has been claimed that Adolf Hitler was a
member (The Occult and the Third Reich, Jean Michel Angebert, 1974.
p. 9), there is no evidence for this claim; on the contrary, the
evidence is that he never attended a meeting, as attested to by
Johannes Hering's diary of Society meetings (Johannes Hering,
"Beiträge zur Geschichte der Thule-Gesellschaft", typescript dated 21
June 1939, Bundesarchiv Koblenz, NS26/865, cit. in Goodrick-Clarke,
The Occult Roots of Nazism, 1992 p.201.)
It is quite clear that
Hitler himself had little interest in, and made little time for,
"esoteric" matters.
Other members were,
-
Karl Fiehler
-
Wilhelm Frick
-
Michel Frank
-
Heinrich Jost
-
Wolfgang Pongratz
-
Wilhelm Laforce
-
Johann Ott
-
Hans
Riemann
-
Max Seselmann
-
Hans-Arnold Stadler
Two well-known
aristocrats in the group were Countess Hella von Westarp, a young
woman who functioned as secretary, and Prince Gustav von Thurn und
Taxis (both of these were among hostages abducted and executed by
the Communist government in Munich in 1919).
Dissolution
After Hitler came to power, the Thule Society was one of many
organizations suppressed. When von Sebottendorff returned to Germany
and published a book about the Thule Society, Bevor Hitler kam, he
was arrested and the book prohibited.
Nonetheless, it has been argued that some Thule members and their
ideas were incorporated into the Third Reich. {The Occult and the
Third Reich, Jean Michel Angeburt, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
1974, p. 9} Some of the Thule Society's teachings were expressed in
the books of Alfred Rosenberg. Also, many of the occult ideas found favour with Heinrich Himmler who, like Hitler, had a great interest
in mysticism.
Thule Society revived
A revived Thule Society is rumored to have met during the time of
the Wagner festival in Bayreuth in 1966. Among the participants was
an American exchange student, Gene A. Statler, a distant relative of
Gauleiter Hans-Arnold Stadler. Statler's account of that meeting is
contained in unpublished diaries which later became the property of
magazine editor Raymond Palmer.
Conspiracy Theories
Like the Ahnenerbe section of the SS, and due to its occult
background, the Thule Society has become the center of many
conspiracy theories concerning Nazi Germany. Such theories include
the creation of spacecraft and secret weapons. Because the group
helped Hitler with his speaking skills, some have even suggested
that the society somehow granted him magic powers that contributed
to his later success.
It is also claimed that Thule-Gesellschaft possessed a psychic named
Maria Orsic, who convinced them that the Aryan race did not
originate on the Earth, but came from Aldebaran in Taurus — some
sixty-five light years away.
It is further suggested that Vril, Thule-Gesellschaft, and
DHvSS
(Men of the Black Stone) all joined together at some point (perhaps
1919). DHvSS is said to have worshipped a German mountain goddess "Isias"
as well as the Schwarzer Stein (Black
Stone).
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