CHAPTER 9 – THE INNER SUN

As I set out to test these old Hollow Earth theories, I wondered how one would know if there was a Sun inside the Earth. So I did a bit of reading and thinking about geophysics. Various facts led me to entertain thoughts of a nuclear fission Sun. My train of thought was originally triggered when I discovered that a few high level nuclear explosions could knock out all the electronics across the USA (in a nuclear war scenario, for example).

This is because a nuclear explosion creates a powerful EMP (Electro-Magnetic Pulse) shock wave. It can knock out the sensitive electronics in computers as well as the electrical systems of almost all motor vehicles. It occurred to me that a naturally occurring nuclear reaction inside the Earth might perhaps be responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field. The strange behavior of the magnetic field seemed to confirm that it couldn’t be caused by a sluggish liquid circulating about the outer core.

In the early days of space exploration H. A. Bomke detected magnetohydrodynamic waves (electromagnetic waves) in the Earth’s outer atmosphere which were generated by high-altitude nuclear explosions. Masahisa Sugiura discovered similar waves which were generated by natural causes in the outer atmosphere of the Earth and transmitted along the lines of magnetic force to the Earth in the northern and southern auroral zones. There are also electric (telluric) currents which flow in the surface layer of the Earth’s crust. The ground is electrically conducting and its resistivity varies markedly with depth. It has been found that these currents come from the polar regions. These currents change in sympathy with magnetic disturbances and auroras.

The next realization was that matter arranged itself according to density when the Earth formed – that’s what scientists expect to happen. Denser matter at the centre of the Earth and less dense material as one moves further away from the centre and so on up through the atmosphere until one reached the edge of space. Why shouldn’t heavy metals, such as uranium for example, exist in the Earth’s core? Scientists say that uranium is a trace metal which does not occur naturally. They do not expect it to reside inside the Earth. It also decays. Let us assume that a solid Earth formed originally – that it was compact and tightly packed in the same way that scientists these days expect it to be.

No one knows what happens to matter under those conditions. I have wondered, in my own simplistic way, whether some sort of natural enriching process is kicked off automatically when matter is that tightly packed. There might be natural processes which kick in under such conditions, processes which we don’t know about yet. And we also must not forget the possibility of cold fusion either. A small amount of uranium or plutonium would be enough to start a nuclear reaction. One by one these simple facts and possibilities made me think that a naturally occurring nuclear reaction inside the Earth might be a workable proposition.

Scientists have long realized that the lava which pours from volcanoes is naturally radioactive. This is how scientists are able to date rocks – because the lava from which these rocks form is slightly radioactive. Decayed uranium turns into radium. Scientists thus theorize that radium is probably to blame. The evidence suggests that lava forms no more than 20 miles beneath the Earth’s surface due to the accumulated heat from decaying radium and uranium. There are lots of volcanically active areas on the Earth. It seems as if there is quite a lot of radium in the Earth’s crust.

The crust is of course only a small part of the Earth. Remember that this is far away from the centre of the Earth. If there is still some radium left here near the surface after some 4 billion years of Earth history, then surely, deep down in the Earth there was much much more when the Earth originally formed? Remember too, our volcanoes are probably driven by what is left after billions of years of radioactive decay. So how much do you suppose there was to begin with?

Uranium has a half-life of 710 million years under current conditions. That means that 710 million years ago there was twice as much uranium in the Earth’s crust as there is now. It seems to me that there must have been enough uranium around originally to kick off at least one natural nuclear reaction inside the Earth.
 

The Earth’s Heat

Richard Milton writes:

“Although it was once believed that the Earth was cooling as its molten interior lost hear, it is now known that the Earth’s overall temperature is roughly constant, since heat loss from the surface is balanced by heat generated with the crust by radioactive decay.”

But is the Earth’s temperature constant only because of the decay of radioactive materials or does the Inner Sun help in other ways to keep the climate warm?
 

Natural Fission Reactors

The main evidence for the past presence of natural fission reactors comes in the form of uranium ores that are depleted in uranium-235. The main site lies at Oklo in Gabon. In June 1972 a team was working under the direction of Dr. H. V. Bouzigues at the CEA service laboratory in France. They noticed an anomaly in the abundance of the uranium-235 isotope. Some time later, much larger depletions of this isotope were discovered in uranium samples from this source. They traced this back to the Oklo deposit. This was the first positive proof of the hypothesis that a natural chain reaction was responsible for the depletion. A report in “Nature” about an international symposium held in Gabon in 1975 states:

“It was pointed out that at the time of the reaction the natural abundance of the relatively fast-decaying uranium-235 isotope was more than 3%. This natural ‘enrichment’, helped by the moderation of the fission neutrons by the water content of the soil which enhanced their fission efficiency, and possibly by the relative absence of neutron-absorbing elements in the surroundings, allowed a nuclear chain reaction to develop…”

To summarize, our interest lies in the feasibility of there being natural nuclear reactors – even here on the surface of the Earth. Add to this the possibility of there having existed far more uranium-235 concentrations in the past. All of this taken together should clearly indicate that the idea of the Earth (and other planets) having been hollowed out by enormous nuclear reactions might not be that far fetched. Even such a small site as Oklo is estimated to have sustained a nuclear reaction which lasted anything 500,000 years to several million years.

The loss of 5 tons of uranium-235 attests to the power of this reaction. What puzzled the scientists was how low grade uranium ore naturally enriched and started a fission process? Yet the evidence shows that it did indeed happen – right here on the surface. That this little nuclear reaction could produce temperatures of 400 degrees C. and run for several million years would seem to support the idea of a natural nuclear process occurring in nature right here on or in the Earth.
 

Inner Sun: Cold Fusion?

The subject of cold fusion doesn’t seem to enjoy much credibility in the USA. Some scientists regard cold fusion as a pseudo-science. Yet many countries in the world are pouring enormous sums of money into hard scientific research on the matter. Some scientists have already discussed the possibility of cold fusion occurring inside the Earth. P. Palmer, a geophysicist has already suggested this. Helium-3 emanating from inside the Earth has been regarded by some as an indication that cold fusion might be taking place deep down inside the Earth.
 

Inner Earth Nuclear Processes

When physicists installed nuclear particle detectors deep in a mine in the Kolar Gold Fields in India, they hoped to measure particle created by highly penetrating neutrinos arriving from the cosmos. They found instead immense showers of nuclear particles coming, not from above as expected, but from the sides and even below! These huge showers of 1,000 or more different particles are called ‘anomalous cascades’. Neutrinos are the only known particles capable of penetrating the entire Earth to create the upwardly directed showers, but ordinary neutrinos do not seem to have enough energy to give birth to the anomalous cascades. The Sun creates neutrinos.

But most neutrinos are not expected to have enough energy to move through a solid Earth. Yet here were neutrinos passing through the Earth from all sides – and even from below. These scientists found these anomalous cascades to be too energetic to be caused by normal neutrinos. This raises two possibilities about the structure of the Earth:

1) What if the Earth’s crust is thinner than scientists expect with their current solid Earth models? If the Earth is hollow, then neutrinos would be able to penetrate the Earth more easily and therefore produce the results which the scientists found.

2) Could the Inner Sun also be a producer of some of the neutrinos which are rising from the core of the Earth.

Since those experiments scientists have made plans to build ‘telescopes’ which are pointed downwards and which detect these particles coming from below. Many European nations as well as the USA have been building such ‘telescopes’ which are located in the Mediterranean. The largest however will be located deep in the ice of the Antarctic continent. These neutrinos point to some kind of radioactive/nuclear process going on inside the Earth. Could it be an Inner Sun?
 

When The Inner Sun Shines

Sometimes the Earth crosses directly between the Moon and the Sun. At such times the Earth cuts off the light going to the Moon. The Earth’s atmosphere however refracts the Sun’s light thereby ensuring that the Moon rarely disappears from view. If the Earth did not have an atmosphere, then the Moon would disappear completely. At the time of these eclipses the Earth’s night side is in full view, and apart from the light streaming around the edges of the Earth, there is no other light shining on the Moon. It is at this point that a mystery surfaces.

Astronomers have noted that these eclipses of the Moon are variable in brightness. Sometimes they are dark. At other times they are extremely bright. If the Earth’s atmosphere is dust laden, then the eclipses of the Moon are very dark – sometimes the Moon disappears totally. But then there are times when the Moon is exceedingly bright. Far too bright. Can the aurora (which can only produce a shadow on the Earth under exceptional conditions) really light up an object the size of the Moon 238,000 miles away? Or are there times when light from inside the Earth is refracted and bent through the cold polar air so that direct inner sunlight can fall on the surface of the Moon?

The condensed testimony of several European observers for an event on 19th March, 1848:

“I wish to call your attention to the fact, which I have clearly ascertained, that during the whole of the late lunar eclipse of March 19, the shaded surface presented a luminosity quite unusual, probably about three times the intensity of the mean illumination of an eclipsed lunar disc. The light was of a deep-red color. During the totality of the eclipse the light and dark places on the face of the Moon could be almost as well made out as in an ordinary dull moonlight night; and the deep-red color, where the sky was clearest, was very remarkable from the contrasted whiteness of the stars. The Consul at Ghent, who did not know that there was an eclipse, wrote to me for an explanation of the deep red color of the Moon at 9 o’clock.”

An observation from Ireland notes that before the eclipse ended, the light had stopped lighting up the Moon. It is as if we have a ‘search-light’ effect. Could it be that refracted light from the Inner Sun lit up the Moon for a short while and then left the Moon in total darkness again? Sunsets are red. This is because the red light can travel longer distances through the atmosphere whereas other wavelengths of light cannot. The deep red color in the above observations is therefore of extreme interest. It implies that the light traveled a great distance through the atmosphere before falling on the Moon. Could this light have traveled all the way out of the Inner Earth to be refracted and to then fall upon the Moon?

There is a mysterious brightening of the Jovian moon Io sometimes when Io has been behind Jupiter – in its shadow. Scientists have picked up that Io is sometimes anomalously bright when it comes out from behind Jupiter. Scientists have never thought of correlating this with a time when Io is above the Great Red Spot! I have wondered if some anomalous radiation from the Great Red Spot is the cause of the mysterious brightening of Io? The Earth’s Moon is therefore not the only object in the solar system which undergoes such an effect. Io is the closes of the Galilean moons to Jupiter. On Saturn a bright spot appears on the ring systems. This extremely bright spot is the cause of many a Saturnian mystery. These three different phenomena may all have a very similar origin – in that light emanates from inside planets.
 

Direct Light on the Moon?

Could an Inner Sun really shine direct light on to the Moon? One wouldn’t expect that to be the case. However, there are many factors involved in this, and it’s quite a complex issue. The following ingredients affect this issue:

1)   The Moon’s orbit takes it approximately 27 degrees north and south of the equator

2)   The Earth is inclined by 23.5 degrees

3)   The width of a possible polar entrance

4)   The position of the Inner Sun inside the Earth at the time. Perhaps an Inner Sun wobbles around inside the Earth?

5)   The temperature of the atmosphere inside the Earth

6)   The refractivity of the Earth’s atmosphere in the Arctic. The most favorable conditions will therefore be when the Moon is 27 degrees north of the equator during the northern winter (when the Arctic is inclined towards the Full Moon)

Light could never fall directly on the Moon’s surface if it originates from inside the Earth, traveling out via the polar regions. The main factor which might make this possible is the refractivity of the atmosphere in the arctic. Since we do not know the temperature inside the Earth, it is hard to say how the light would behave. But assuming it to be warmer than the polar regions, perhaps light could be refracted enough to fall on the Moon. Since the light from inside the Earth would be traveling a considerable distance through the inner atmosphere and then into the outer atmosphere, it is possible that considerable bending of light might just take place.

I would suspect that if such an event would take place, it would probably be extremely rare. I have only found one possible example of this occurring. I feel it is important to mention the vague possibility that light from the Inner Sun might light up the Moon either at Full Moon or at New Moon – for the simple reason that perhaps someone might one day be in a position to study these possibilities. I have found one fascinating eclipse which might satisfy the criteria I have mentioned above.

Captain G. Brown was in charge of the S.S. Pacific Importer which was sailing from Cristobal to London. The following report was made by Mr. T. M. Sims, 3rd Officer, on during the night of 29-30 January 1953:

“2305 to 0140 G.M.T. The commencement of the eclipse was not observed owing to almost stationary Cu(mulus) covering the Moon. During totality a small white patch of light of low brilliancy moved round the North Pole of the Moon until that phase came to an end at 0030. From that time the white patch increased in area until the end of the eclipse at 0140. During the total phase the face of the Moon appeared to be colored in bands of blue, green, yellow and orange as in the sketch, and stars were visible with the unaided eye within 2 or 3 degrees of the Moon.”

What is particularly interesting about this account is that the light which is shining on the Moon appears to be refracted and split into the different components of white light. Furthermore, the light around the Moon’s North Pole seems to be direct light. This event, seen by observers on 6 different ships, suggests that a cone of pure white light was shining somewhere north of the Moon’s North Pole. Some of this light just barely managed to fall upon the Moon’s North Pole. The remaining colors falling on the rest of the Moon suggest that this highly refracted light.